@Component @RequiredArgsConstructor public class JpaProductRepository implements ProductRepository private final SpringDataJpaProductRepository jpaRepository;

Elias leaned in. The PDF used a Java analogy. In a layered app, your UserService likely extended a JpaRepository . If the database went down, the service died. The business logic was held hostage by the infrastructure.

Let's outline a typical flow:

Driving Adapter (REST) → Incoming Port (Interface) → Application Service → Outgoing Port (Interface) ← Driven Adapter (JPA)

Java is well-suited for this architecture because:

Notice: The core depends only on abstractions (ports), never on concrete adapters.

public record Product(String id, String name, Money price) public Product if (price.amount() <= 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Price must be positive");

He opened it, expecting dry syntax. Instead, he found a philosophy.

// adapters/web/ProductController.java package com.example.adapters.web; import com.example.application.port.in.CreateProductUseCase; import com.example.application.port.in.CreateProductUseCase.CreateProductCommand; import com.example.domain.model.Product; import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

The ports define how the application interacts with the outside world.